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Semion Rozenfeld was born and grew up in Ternivka, a shtetl in Ukraine. He had two sisters, his father was a taylor. Semion graduates from secondary school before enlisting in the Soviet army at age eighteen. He was wounded during heavy fighting and was made POW by the German army. After a stay in a concentration camp in Minsk he was deported to Sobibor, where he was elected for forced labour. Semion ...

Esther Raab was born in Chelm (Poland). Having grown up in a middle-class Jewish family, she remembers a "comfortable" childhood. Her father had many non-Jewish clients, with whom he could get on well. One of them helped Esther and her brother hide from the Nazis during the last year of the war. Esther had worked in a number of labour camps before she arrived in Sobibor in December 1942.In Sobibor, ...

Selma Engel was born Saartje Wijnberg on May 15, 1922, in Groningen. Her parents ran a kosher hotel in Zwolle during the crisis years. Being Jewish, Selma went into hiding during the German occupation. She was rounded up and deported to Sobibor as a penitentiary measure in April 1943. She lived in this extermination camp for six months, working in the sorting barracks and, sometimes, in the woods.In ...

Alexsy Wajcen was born in the shtetl of Hodorov, a Jewish community not far from the town of Lvov in Ukraine. Horodov was part of Poland before the Second World War, but annexed by the Soviet Union after 1939. Alexsy was the oldest of five children. He served in the Soviet army from 1940 onwards and as a prisoner of war arrived in Sobibor, where he was selected for forced labour.With the exception ...

Arkady Wajspapir (Arkadii Weisspapier) was born in 1921 in the Ukrainian village of Bobrovyy Kut, then a Jewish community. He had an elder brother and a younger sister. The family lived together with the grandfather from his father's side - and his second wife plus a few relatives - in a house divided for the purpose. Arkady had had ten years of school when he enrolled in the Red Army in 1939. He was ...

The Nazi Germans used Izbica, the Polish village where Philip Bialowitz was born, as a transitory ghetto for Jews on their way to the destruction camps in Eastern Poland. In Izbica Philip Bialowitz survived a fire squad as a young boy. He was deported to Sobibor in 1943 and selected for forced labour upon arrival. Philip's elder brother, Simkha, took care of him wherever possible. Philip was involved ...

Martin (Martijn) Haas was born in Breda, where he spent his childhood together with his two sisters, Liesje (Elisabeth) and Roosje, and his brother Isaac. He is from a well-to-do family. The youngest children, Roosje and Martijn, went into hiding with two Catholic families and survived the war. The other members of the family were killed: mother, Liesje, and Isaac in Sobibor, father in Auschwitz.After ...